Coke oven and like furnace



April 20, 1937.

E. KUHL ET AL led Nov. 16, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 572)(:251Z lf2 7 77 233 2- i I 5 11 -:I

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COKE OVEN AND LIKE FURNACE Filed Nov. 16, 1934 3 Sheets-'Sheet 2 H/ 62%6 54 5; 28 Tl *j l 1 5 31, 2 29 I 7. lll 1 I! l; J3 l I;

l l! '5.4 II ll April 20, 1937. E. KUHL ET AL.

COKE OVEN AND LIKE FURNACE Filed Nov. 16, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 nvenors:www

Patented Apr. 20, 1937 UNITED sTATEs 2,017,842 ooKE ovEN AND vLIKEFURNACE Eduard Kuh! and Theodor Kreis, Essen,

Germany Application November 16, 1934, Serial No. 753,280 In GermanyNovember 16, 1933 Claims.

Our invention relates to coke ovens and similar furnaces and hasparticular reference to the heating walls of such appliances. The objectof our invention is to impart to the heating walls 5 a suillcientstrength against the lateral pressures occurring in service.

, These lateral pressures are due to various causes, in particular tothe expansion of the coal.

As known, the expansion pressure of the coal occurs by the coal, when inplastic condition, to a.

more or less extent resisting to the escapement of the gases.Particularly high pressures, which are a danger for the heating walls,occur if the coal after having become plastic is very stickv, so

that considerable pressures must be produced in the interior of thecharge Vin order that the gases are capable of escaping through themass. This 4expansion pressure of the charge is very dangerous becauseit does not occur simultaneously on the two heating walls of twoadjacent coking chambers owing to the chambers being filled at differenttimes, the pressure thus acting to its full extent on one of the twoheating walls, that means, unilaterally.

Lateral pressures further occur upon pushing the charge, moreparticularly when the coke cake has shrunk only slightly and thereforehas jammed between the heating walls. Furthermore, the heat expansionsare to be mentioned here which occur in the first heating of thechambers and have a very destructive effect on the bond of the bricks.

These lateral pressures not only effect loosening of the bond of themasonry, which hitherto in the most cases consisted of prismatic bricks,and therefore gave rise to leakage of the wall, but these pressures,more particularly due to the expansion pressure of the charge,frequently cause complete destruction of the wall. Wellknown is thephenomenon of the walls being fiattened down, which leads to the fearededge jamming of the bricks.

Hitherto one has attempted to overcome these drawbacks by a reduction ofthe expansion of the charge and of'the other lateral pressures by aspecial preparatory treatment of the coal. It has, however, not beenattempted yet successfully to go the fundamentally other way, namely, soto construct the bond of the masonry of the heating walls, that the bondis capable of withstanding notably higher lateral pressures thanhitherto.

Heating walls for coking chambers have been constructed, true, by meansof bricks interengaging by wedge surfaces, Such wedge surfaces,

however, act only in the individual horizontal courses, whilst theconnection between two courses of bricks in the most cases isestablished by groove and feather. Consequently, the pressure exertedupon an individual brick is' trans- 5 mitted in this case only to someadjacent bricks wall. The local indentations caused by such pressuresnot only endanger the. masonry by edge-jamming, but also impede to agreat extent the pushing of the coke cake which requires smooth heatingwall surfaces. 15 Our invention therefore has for its object heatingwalls for coking chambers and the like appliances which are adapted towithstand higher lateral pressures.. We attain this object by giving thebricks of which the wall is composed in- 20 clined mutual contactsurfaces so that they form an all-side wedge bond in/f* such a mannerthat any pressure exerted infa direction extending vertically to thesurfacel of the heating wall upon an individual brick is transmitted tothe adja- A2k cent bricks.

In order that our invention may be clearly understood and readilycarriedinto effect, two preferred embodiments of the same arerepresented in the accompanying drawings by wayl 30 of example. In thesedrawings Figure 1 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of ourimproved bond,

Figures 2A4B are lateral 'views of the bricks adapted to form this bond,A3E Figure 5 is a section on line V--V of Figure 1, Figure 6 shows thebond of the other embodiment in perspective view,

Figures '7A to 10B are each two views of thebricks appertaining to thisbond, and I' 40 Figure 11 is a section on line XII-Xi of Figure 6.

Figure 12 shows the whole heating wall.

Referring to these drawings, the heating walls are formed by the coursesof stretchers I, Figures 45 1 and 6, and the headers 2 whichinterconnect the former and leave free between them the heating fluesv3. 'I'hese heating walls-rest in known manner at a certain mutualdistance on a` foundation masonry, so as to form between them 50 cokingchambers.

On top they are covered by a suitable cover structure and limited ontheir narrow sides by buckstays. This framework structure must be strongenough to withstand the totality of pres- 55 sures mentioned above. Thecover structure I0 and the lateral buckstays 20 are schematically markedin Figure 1.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 the headers are formedby the bricks 4 and 5 shown in Figures 2 and 3. The brick 4 has a headin. the form of a truncated pyramid to the smaller end surface of whichis attached a prism 'I having a trapezoidal base surface, see Figure 2B.The lateral surfaces 8 which in the bond form the upward lower surfacethereof, thus are concave, whilst to the lateral surfaces 9 are attachedparallel surfaces II which conne the heating fiues 3.

In each course of headers, bricks 5, Figures 3A and 3B, lie behind oneanother with the bricks 4. The bricks 5 have also a head I2 formed. by atruncated pyramid, and a prismatic portion I3 which, however, isattached to the large base surface of said pyramid. The lateral surfacesI4 which in the bond lie on top and bottom, respectively, thus areconvex and exactly fit in the surfaces 8, Figure 5. The inclinedsurfaces I5 and lateral surfaces I6 of the brick, Figure 3A, lievertically in the bond. The surfaces I6 confine the heating chambers asWell as tle""smal1 shoulder surfaces II by which the head I2 protrudesbeyond the portion I3.

The construction of the header is made in such a manner that in eachcourse a brick 4A and a brick 5 are laid behind one another, whilst inthe next course these two sorts of bricks are laid in inverse direction,so that the convex surfaces I4 exactly engage the concave surfaces 8 andon the surface of the heating wall alternate the end surface I8, Figure2B, with the vend faces I9, Figure 3A.

It will be seen already from the foregoing that if a high pressure isexerted upon the described course in the direction of arrow 2|, Figure5, which is easily possible by means of the cover structure, the bricksof each of these courses are wedged to one another in a manner such asto form a rigid girder which takes up the pressures laterally exertedupon the heating wall in the direction of the arrows 22. Obviously thesame effect is obtained, if the surfaces 8 and. I4 do not consist ofplane surface portions, as shown, but are curved.

The headers are interconnected by bricks 23, Figures 4A and 4B. Thesebricks have prismatoidic shape with two rectangular end surfaces 24,25'and four trapezoidal lateral surfaces 26,`

2'I. The inclination of the surfaces 26 exactly corresponds to that ofthe surfaces 9 and I5. On the other hand, also the inclination of thesurfaces 21 corresponds to that of the head surfaces 8 and I4. As Figure1 shows, the bricks 23 are laid in the course of stretchers, where theylie beside the heads I2 of the bricks 5, with the surface 25 outside,whilst in the next upper and lower course their surface 24 is outside.By superposition of the bricks 23 and turning them 180 degrees in thehorizontal plane in each followingI course thus a conclusive connectionis obtained between the individual heads.

If for example any lateral pressure occurs in the direction of thearrows 22, Figure 5, upon the surface 25 f a brick 23, this pressure istransmitted by the surface 26 to the laterally adjacent heads I2. Ifpressure is exerted upon the surface 24, it is transmitted by theinclined surfaces 21 to the brick 23 situated above or below and fromthere to the heads I2.

If the pressure is exerted upon. the surface I8,

it is directly transmitted in upward and downward direction to the headsI2 and then by the adjacent bricks 23 indirectly to the heads I2. Ifpressure is exerted on a surface i9, it is transmitted to the upper orlower brick 4 through the intermediary of the inner portions of thesurface 8, Figure 2B, which can be held in position by the fartheradjacent bricks 5 as well as, in general, by the wedged interconnectionof the course of headers. The pressure exerted upon an individual brickthus is transmitted at any rate to the entire heating wall, so that thewall can give way only to such an extent as it corresponds to its totalelasticity. As usual, the joints are filled with a suitable refractorymortar, in order to eliminate small'inaccuracies.

As it will be seen from the foregoing, the bricks y form a wedge bondand the pressure exerted upon an. individual brick in the directionvertical to the surface oi the heating wall is transmitted by two ormore adjacent bricks. There is, however, not only this simpletransmission, but pressure components are produced also in the directionof the surface of the heating wall itself, which powerfully press thebricks onto one another upon occurrence of a lateral pressure in thedirection of the surface of the heating wall. Any leakage is thusprevented and edge-jamming and breakage of the bricks is madeimpossible. These lateral pressure components thus to a great extentsecure the interconnection of the bricks.

In order to maintain a sufcient free cross sectional area of the heatingiiues 3 the bricks 23 may be made adequately long. Their length may bereduced by the heads I2 and 6 of the bricks 4 and 5, respectively, seenin the horizontal plane being enlarged.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 6 to 11, two bricks 28, Figure10, are laid behind one another in the course of headers, as shown inFigure 11, whilst in the next course a brick 29, Figures 9A and 9B, withone of its surfaces 3| is laid onto the inner halves of the bricks 28.The outer surfaces 32 of the bricks 29 are bridged by prismatic bricks33, Figures 7A and 7B, whilst bricks 34, Figures 8A and 8B, areinterposed between the outer ends of the bricks 28. These bricks 34correspond in shape to the bricks 23, Figures 4A and 4B, of the firstembodiment.

As it will be seen, also in this embodiment the course of headers iswedged to form a rigid wall, if a pressure is exerted upon the wallnormal to its surface. This rigid wall takes up any lateral pressure andprevents any shift of an individual brick. If pressure is exerted upon abrick 33, it is transmitted to the respective bricks 29, if it isexerted upon a brick 34, it is transmitted by means of the upper andlower inclined surfaces of these bricks tothe upper and lower bricks 33and from those to the bricks 29. In this embodiment too the portions ofthe bricks 28 that are inserted in the course of stretchers may be madelarger, in order to reduce the length of the bricks 34.

We claim:

1. A heating wall structure for the purpose set forth composed ofindividual bricks, said bricks having surfaces in contact with 'theadjacent bricks, end surfaces on said bricks, four contact surfacesbounded on one of said end surfaces, two opposite ones of said contactsurfaces wedgelike converging on one another in the one sense normallyto the surface of the heating wall, and the two opposite remainingcontact surfaces in the other sense.

2.. A heating wall structure for the purpose set forth composed ofindividual bricks, said bricks having surfaces being in contact with theadjacent bricks, all of said contact surfaces of each brick wedge-likeconverging on one another, a part of them converging toward the rearside of the heating wall enabling the brick to be supported by theadjacent bricks being in contact with these surfaces and to transmit anypressure exerted upon said brick toward the rear side of the heatingwall to the said adjacent bricks, the other remaining part of saidcontact faces converging toward the front side of the heating wallenabling the adjacent bricks being in contact with these surfaces to besupported by the said brick and to transmit any pressure exerted uponthem toward the rear 'side of the heating wall to the said brick.

3. A heating wall for the purpose set forth having two stretchers, aplurality of headers connecting them, heating flues formed between twoadjacent stretchers and the appurtenant portions of the headers, saidstretchers and headers being composed of bricks arranged in superposedhorizontal courses, header-bricks engaging a stretcher by a head, saidhead having truncated pyramidal shape, the appurtenant imaginary pyramidpoint of said heads of subsequent courses alternatively being situatedin front of and behind the stretcher.

4. A heating wall for the purpose set forth having two stretchers, aplurality of headers connecting them, heating ues formed between twoadjacent stretchers and the appurtenant portions of the headers, saidstretchers and headers being composed of bricks arranged in superposedhorizontal courses, said headers engaging the course of stretchers by ahead, intermediate bricks situated between said heads and havingprismatoidic` shape with six surfaces, two of said surfaces beingrectangular and parallel with one another, whilst the remaining surfacesare trapezoidal and pairwise converge on one another in a wedge-likemanner in the one or other sense normally to the surface of the heatingwall.

5. A heating wall for the purpose set forth having two stretchers, aplurality of headers connecting them, heating ues formed between twoadjacent stretchers and the appurtenant portions of the headers, saidstretchers and headers being composed of bricks arranged in superposedhorizontal courses, said bricks being of four different shapes, twobricks of the iirst shape being provided at top and bottom withwedge-shaped narrowed portions and lying behind one another and formingthe course of headers and by their heads a portion of the course ofstretchers, a brick of the second shape being provided at top and bottomwith wedge-shaped narrowed portions and thereby engaging over the innerhalves of the two bricks of the first shape, a brick of the third shapebeing of prismatic shape with trapezoidal base surface and beingarranged in the course of stretchers and supported by the ends of twobricks of the second shape, and a brick of the fourth shape arrangedbetween the heads of the bricks of the first shape and havingprismatoidic shape.

EDUARD KUHL. THEODOR KRETZ.

